How to improve calculation speed with shortcut-tricks

Calculation speed plays a very very important role in All Competitive Exams.Some peoples have natural ability to do the calculation fast  but that doesn't mean the ordinary people like me and you can't on that level.But the solution is only practice.Here i am providing you all basic things which will help you  to improve your calculation speed.

Some recommended things are mentioned here which you must do it before starting.

30 x 30-Just spend 30 minutes a day for 30 days. You will definitely find the difference in your calculation speed.Practice involves basic  Multiplications, Additions, Subtractions,Percentage Calculations,Comparing Fractions and Calculating Squares.

Click the below links to get content accordingly..

1-Multiplication Tables (Up to 20 x 20)

2-Squares (Up to 50)

3-Cubes (Up to (20)

4-Powers of 2 (Up to 14)

5-Powers of 3 (Up to 6)

6-Some Useful Shortcuts of Basic Maths :                    a)   Addition Shortcuts                                  Addition Mentally (Without Using Pen and Paper)                                 Addition Shortcuts                  b)  Subtraction Shortcuts                                Subtraction  Mentally (Without Using Pen and Paper)                                Subtraction Shortcuts                  c)  Multiplication Shortcuts                  d)  Division Shortcuts                  e)  Decimals

7-Reciprocals of numbers (Up to 13)

8-Complements of 100 ( means the difference between 100 and the given 2 digit number)

1. 
   

Mental Maths Subtraction

Here i an going to show you that how to do Subtractions Mentally. Have a look at the following example..

Example-1
586-331=? subtractions would be faster by taking two digits instead of taking a single digit at a time. Always start from right side and take two digit. So take 86 and 31 86 - 31 = 55 500 - 300 = 200 So, the result of 586-331= 255

Example-2
756-385=? By taking two digits instead of taking a single digit at a time, Starting from right side and take two digit. So take 56 and 85 here 56<85 so we will borrow 1 from 7 and 56 becomes 156 (called complement of 100's) now subtract 156-85 = 71 So, the result of 756- 385 =371

Example-3
730 - 156 + 523 - 814 = ? when we have addition and subtraction both in single equation than first we add + signs number and in second part add - sign numbers  i.e  (730 + 523)-(156 + 814)      =1253 - 870 // apply example-2 rule because z 53<80.Borrow 1 from 12      =383

Mental Maths For Additions

Now, we are going to show you how to do Additions Mentally. Have a look at

                                                     Example-1

425 + 336 + 927+ 811 + 222 = ?

while adding three-digit numbers, first add-two-digits at a time (Units and Tens Place). 25 + 36 + 27 + 11 + 22 = 121 To add 25 and 36, mentally treat 25 as 20 + 5 and 36 as 30 +6 So, 20 + 30 = (20 + 30) + 5 + 6 = 61 Similarly, 61 + 27 = (60 + 20 + 7 + 1 = 88 88 + 11 = (80 +10) + 8 + 1  = 99 99 + 22 = (90 + 20) + 9 +2 = 121 The last two digits (the units place and the tens place) of the addition are 21, while the digit 1 is to be carried forward). Now Add, 1 (Carried) + 4 + 3 + 9 + 8 + 2 = 27 So, the answer of the above addition is 2721 (initially, it may look confusing. Just practice this method and you can find how efficient this method is :  The same logic can be extended to 4 digit additions too... have a look

Example-2

3425 +4336 + 2927 + 811 + 4222 = ?

Now, we are going to show you how to do Additions Mentally. Have a look at 3425 +4336 + 2927 + 811 + 4222 Part-1 25 + 36 + 27 + 11 + 22+ ? while adding three-digit numbers, first add-two-digits at a time (Units and Tens Place). 25 + 36 + 27 + 11 + 22 = 121 To add 25 and 36, mentally treat 25 as 20 + 5 and 36 as 30 +6 So, 20 + 30 = (20 + 30) + 5 + 6 = 61 Similarly, 61 + 27 = (60 + 20 + 7 + 1 = 88 88 + 11 = (80 +10) + 8 + 1  = 99 99 + 22 = (90 + 20) + 9 +2 = 121 The last two digits (the units place and the tens place) of the addition are 21, while the digit 1 is to be carried forward). Part-2  Now Add, 1 (Carried) + 34 + 43 + 29 + 8 + 42 = 277 30 + 40 +20 + 40 + 1 (carry) +4 + 3 + 9 + 8 + 2 =157 So, the answer of the above addition is 15721 . The same logic can be extended to 5 , 6 , 7 and so on digit additions too.

Reciprocals of numbers up to 13

1/2	0.5
1/3	0.333
1/4	0.25
1/5	0.20
1/6	0.166
1/7	0.143
1/8	0.125
1/9	0.111
1/10	0.1
1/11	0.091
1/12	0.083
1/13	0.077

Division Short-Cut Trick

Division by using fractions	Division by 5
132/2 = (100/2 + 32/2) ---> break down into two fractions = (50 + 16) = 66	1400/5 = (1400/100) x 20---> divide by 100 then multiply by 20 = 14 x 20 = 280
Division by 10	Division by 50
0.5/10 = 0.05 ---> 5% is 50% divided by ten	2100/50---> divide by 100 then multiply by 2 = (2100/100) x 2 = 21 x 2 = 42

Division by 100	Division by 500
25/100---> move the decimal point two places to the left = 0.25	17/500 = (17/100) x 0.2---> divide by 100 then multiply by 0.2 = 0.17 x 0.2 = 0.034
Division by 25	Division by parts
500/25 ---> divide by 100 then multiply by 4 = (500/100) x 4 = 5 x 4 = 20	Imagine dividing $874 between two persons 874/2 = 800/2 + 74/2 = 400 + 37 = 437
750/25---> divide by 100 then multiply by 4 = (750/100) x 4 = 7.5 x 2 x 2 = 30	Division using the factors of the divisor: "double division" 70/14 = (70/7)/2 ---> 7 and 2 are the factors of 14 = 10/2 = 5

Addition and Subtraction Of Decimals

Example-1	Example-2
13.5 + 7.25 = (13 + 0.5) + (7 + 0.25) = 13 + 7 + 0.5 + 0.25 (Here we just added the rounded numbers first and later we added the decimal numbers :) = 21 + 0.5 + 0.25 = 21.75	200.57 + 21.25 = (200 + 0.57) + (21 + 0.25) = 200 + 21 + 0.57 + 0.25 (Here we just added the rounded numbers first and later we added the decimal numbers :) = 221 + 0.57 + 0.25 = 221.82
Example-3	Example-4
490.975 + 21.231 = (490 + 0.975) + (21 + 0.231) = 490 + 21 + 0.975 + 0.231 (Here we just added the rounded numbers first and later we added the decimal numbers and forward carry if any :) = 511 + 1.206 = 512.206	590.975 - 20.231 = (590 + 0.975)  -(20 + 0.231) = (590 - 20) + (0.975 - 0.231) (Here we just added the rounded numbers first and later we added the decimal numbers ) = 570 + 0.744 = 570.744

Example-5
12.5 + 6.25 = (12 + 0.5) + (6 + 0.25) = 12 + 6 + 0.5 + 0.25                                                                           //add the integers then the decimals = 18 + 0.5 + 0.25 = 18.75

Test-YourSelf:  
1-     215.55  +  28.67
2-    197.88   + 98.300
3-    587.91   +  109.105
4-    856.87  +   456.009
5-    566-76  -   45.25
6-    456.156  -  56.100
7-    9956-786  - 567.567
9-    4444.555 - 3456.921
10-  234.67    -   100.360

Subtraction Shortcuts

Recommended -Calculate Mentally (Don't use pen, paper and pencil)

It is very useful tip.Just take it in your habit.

Example-1	Example-2
216 - 87  (Take last 2 digits at a time from both numbers .If left 2 digit is less then 2 digit of right side than borrow 1 from neighbor.Here 16<87 so 16 can borrow 1 from his neighbor i.e from 2.Now we can write 16 as 116 ) = 100 +116-87 (neighbor is now 2-1=1) =  100+29 = 129	510 - 296  Take last 2 digits at a time from both numbers .If left 2 digit is less then 2 digit of right side than borrow 1 from neighbor.Here 10<96 so 10 can borrow 1 from his neighbor i.e from 5.Now we can write 10 as 110 ) =400+(110-96)-200 =200+14 =+214
Example-3	Example-4
250 - 97 = 250 - (100 - 3) = 250 - 100 + 3   // subtract 100 then add 3 = 150 + 3 = 153	250 - 197 = 250 - (200 - 3) = 250 - 200 + 3      // subtract 200 then add 3 = 50 + 3 = 53

Example-5
216 - 61 = 216 - (100 - 39)                                                                                                                                     = 216 - 100 + 39 = 116 + (40 - 1) = 156 - 1 = 155

 Practice Time:

Recommended-Do it in 3 min

1-     215  -  28
2-    197   -  88
3-    587   -  91
4-    856   -  87
5-    566   -  76
6-    456   -  156
7-    9956  -  786
9-    4444  -  555
10-  234    -   67

Addition Short-Cut Trick

Recommended -Calculate Mentally (Don't use pen, paper and pencil)

It is very useful tip.Just take it in your habit.

Method-1

Example-1	Example-2
216 + 87  (Take last 2 digits at a time from both numbers .Here we can write 16 as 20-4 and  87 as 90-3) = (20-4) + (90 - 3) (and add carry with 2) =  (20+90)-(4 +3) = (110)-7  (carry is 1 in 110.So add 1 with 2  ) = 03 (put 3=1+2 at third place) =303	296 + 510  (Take last 2 digits at a time from both numbers .here we can write 96 as 100-4 and  10) = 96+10 (and add carry with 5 and 2) = 106 (carry is 1 in 110.So add 1 with 2 and 5 in next step  ) = 06 (put 2+5+1 (carry) at third place) =806

Method-2-Take a look

Example-3	Example-4
116 + 29   ( we can write this 29 as 30-1) = 116 + (30 - 1) = 116 + 30 - 1 = 146 - 1 (Instead of adding 29 to 116, we just add 30 to 116  we can do this without using pen and paper and later we subtract one from it) = 145	341 + 71  (here we can write this 71 as 71+1) = 341 + (70 +1) = 341 + 70+1 (Here, instead of adding 70 to 341, we are just adding a 70 to 341 and then add 1 ) = 411+1 = 412
Example-5	Example-6
116 + 38 = 116 + (40 - 2) = 116 + 40 - 2 ---> add 40 then subtract 2 = 156 - 2 = 154	116 + 98 = 116 + (100 - 2) = 116 + 100 - 2 ---> add 100 then subtract 2 = 216 - 2 = 214

Practice Time:

Recommended-Do it in 3 min
1-     215  +  28=
2-    197   +  88=
3-    587   +  91=
4-    856   +  987=
5-    566   +  76=
6-    456   +  56=
7-    56     +  786=
9-    444   +  555=
10-  234   +  67=

Power of 3 up to 6

Power Of 2 Up To 14

Cubes Up To 20

Squares Up To 50

Table Up To 20

Do Practice:

3* 7=                  8* 3 =                         9 *3 =              7* 5=              7*  15=
6 * 5 =               11*6=                          9 *2 =              6 * 3=             11 * 11=
3 *8 =                 9 *13=                        2 *7=               7 * 4 =            7 * 12 =  
4 *3=                  3* 11 =                       13*12=            7 * 3 =            4 *  8 =   
5  * 9=               12 *13=                       9 *  6=            8 * 8 =             15 *13 =  
6  * 2 =                4  *  6=                      14 * 6=           7  * 8 =             8 * 11=   
7 *  8 =                5  *  3=                     15 * 13 =          5 * 2=              6  *  7 = 
8 *13=                 3  *  9=                     8 * 13  =          4 *  6 =             9 *15 =
9 *  6=                 7  *  4 =                    5 *   8  =          8 * 4 =            12  *  9=      
10  * 2=               7  *  6=                     3   * 7=            13 * 5=           14  *  3=
11 *  7=               12  *12=                   4 *   6=           15 * 3 =           11 *   3=

12 *  2=               12  *11=                   7   * 9=            8  *9  =            6  *  3 =

Commercial Banks In India

In this article we have discussed about the Structure of Commercial Banking in India. Bank is an institutions that accepts deposits from the public,mobilizes their savings and keeps the same under its custody, these deposits can be withdrawn by Cheques or ATMs or any other available methods. Banks lends money to those who need it and also performs diverse agency functions and also create credit.

Important Points About RBI

• Name of Central Bank of India: Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
• No of Central Bank in India: One (1)
• Reserve Bank of India Act passed in 1934.
• Reserve Bank of India (RBI) established on 1 April 1935.
• Reserve Bank of India (RBI) established on the recommendation of Hilton-Young Commission.
• Hilton-Young Commission submitted its report in the year 1926.
• Initially RBI was constructed as a Private Share holders’ bank with fully paid-up capital of Rs 5 Crores.
• RBI was nationalize in the year of 1st January,1949.
• RBI is a statutory body.
• RBI is the sole authority in India to issue Bank notes in India.
• RBI can issue currency notes as much as the country requires, provided it has to make a security deposit of Rs. 200 crores, out of which Rs. 115 crores must be in gold and Rs. 85 crores must be FOREX Reserves.
• Emblem of RBI: Panther and Palm Tree.
• Initially the headquarter of RBI was in Calcutta (Now Kolkata) but in 1937 it was permanently moved to Mumbai, Maharastra.
• The Reserve Bank of India has 19 regional offices, most of them in state capitals and 9 Sub-offices
• The Executive head of RBI is known as Governor.
• The governor is associated by Four Deputy Governors.
• The bank has also two training colleges for its officers, viz. Reserve Bank Staff College at Chennai and College of Agricultural Banking at Pune.
• RBI is a member bank of the Asian Clearing Union.
• Chintaman Dwarkanath Deshmukh (C D Deshmukh) was the governor of RBI at the Time of nationalization of RBI in 1949.
• C D Deshmukh, then Governor of RBI, represented India at the Bretton Woods negotiations in 1944.
• 1st women Deputy Governor of RBI -K.J.Udeshi.
• RBI is not a Commercial Bank.
• RBI prints currency in 15 Languages.
• RBI is a member of IMF (International Monetary Fund).

Banking Liberalization in India

Liberalisation in banking sector in India noticed in early 1990s’ when India adopted a new economic policy for the development of the nation. Narasimha Rao government embarked on a policy of liberalization, licensing a small number of private banks.For the first time in India new private banks got license for providing banking service. These banks came to be known as the New Generation tech-savvy banks.

The first bank in India set up after the adaptation of new liberalization policy in banking sector was Global Trust Bank. It was later amalgamated with Oriental Bank of Commerce. The list of banks set up after new liberalization policy includes Global Trust Bank, UTI Bank (Now known as Axis Bank), ICICI Bank and HDFC Bank.
This move towards the Liberalisation along with the rapid economic growth in India, re-energize the banking sector in India. Indian banking sector has noticed rapid growth with strong contribution from all sector of banks – government banks, private banks and foreign banks.

The next stage for the Indian banking sector has been set up with the proposed relaxation in the norms for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). All Foreign Investors in banks can holds up to 74% with some restrictions of the company.

Banking Nationalization in India

In India, the Banking Sector has been dominated by Government or Public Sector Banks for last 64 years. In 1954 the All India Rural Credit Survey Committee submitted its report recommending creation of a strong, integrated, state-sponsored, state-partnered commercial banking institution with an effective machinery of branches spread all over the country. The recommendation of this committee led to establishment of first Public Sector Bank in the name of State bank of India on July 01, 1955 by acquiring the substantial part of share capital by Reserve Bank of India, of then Imperial Bank of India. Similarly during 1956-59, as a result of reorganization of princely states, the State Bank of India associate Bank came into
fold of Public sector banking.
On July 19, 1969, the Govt. promulgated Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) ordinance 1969 to acquire 14 bigger commercial banks with with deposits over 50 crores. The main objective behind this bank nationalization was to spread banking infrastructure in rural India and make cheap finance available to Indian farmers.


The second phase of bank nationalization took place in 1980 during the prime ministerial tenure of Indira Gandhi, in which 7 more banks were nationalized with deposits over 200 crores.

List of Nationalized Banks in India:
1. Allahabad Bank
2. Andhra Bank
3. Bank of Baroda
4. Bank of India
5. Bank of Maharashtra
6. Canara Bank
7. Central Bank of India
8. Corporation Bank
9. Dena Bank
10. Indian Bank
11. Indian Overseas Bank
12. Oriental Bank of Commerce
13. Punjab and Sind Bank
14. Punjab National Bank
15. Syndicate Bank
16. UCO Bank
17. Union Bank of India
18. United Bank of India
19. Vijaya Bank

After-Independence Banking History of India

Immediately after the Independence, the partition of India in 1947 adversely impacted the economies of Punjab and West Bengal by paralyzing banking activities for months.With end of British rule in India marked the end of a regime of the Laissez-faire for the Indian banking sector.

The Government of India initiated measures to play an active role in the economic life of the nation, and the Industrial Policy Resolution adopted by the government in 1948 envisaged a mixed economy. To streamline the functioning and activities of commercial banks, the government of India has came up with the Banking Companies act, 1949.

The Reserve Bank of India, India’s central banking authority, was nationalized on January 1, 1949 under the terms of the Reserve Bank of India (Transfer to Public Ownership) Act, 1948. The Reserve Bank of India was vested with major powers for the supervision of banking inn India as he central banking authority.

The Banking Regulation Act also provided that no new bank or branch of an existing bank could be opened without a license from the RBI, and no two banks could have common directors.
During those days, the general public had lesser confidence in Banking. As an aftermath, the deposit mobilization process was very slow. Moreover, the savings bank facility provided by postal department was considered comparatively safer than banks, and funds were largely given to traders.

Before-Independence Banking History of India

• The origin of modern Banking in India dates back to the 18th century.
• Bank of Hindusthan was established in 1779 and it was the first bank at Calcutta under European management.
• Banking Concept in India was brought by Europeans.
• In 1786 General Bank of India was set up.
• On June 2, 1806 the Bank of Calcutta established in Calcutta. It was the first Presidency Bank during the British raj
• The origin of modern Banking in India dates back to the 18th century.
• Bank of Hindusthan was established in 1779 and it was the first bank at Calcutta under European management.
• Banking Concept in India was brought by Europeans.
• In 1786 General Bank of India was set up.
• On June 2, 1806 the Bank of Calcutta established in Calcutta. It was the first Presidency Bank during the British raj
• Bank of Calcutta was established mainly to fund General Wellesley’s wars against Tipu Sultan and the Marathas.
• On January 2, 1809 the Bank of Calcutta renamed as the Bank of Bengal.
• In 1839, there was a fruitless effort by Indian merchants to establish a Bank called Union Bank but it failed within a decade.
• On 15th April, 1840 the second presidency Bank was established in Bombay – Bank of Bombay.
• On 1 July 1843 the Bank of Madras was established in Madras, now Chennai. It was the third Presidency Bank during the British Raj.
• Allahabad Bank which was established in 1865 and working even today.
• The oldest Public Sector Bank in India having branches all over India and serving the customers for the last 145 years is Allahabad Bank. Allahabad bank is also known as one of India’s Oldest Joint Stock Bank.
• These Presidency banks worked as quasi central banks in India for many years under British Rule.
• The Comptoire d’Escompte de Paris opened a branch in Calcutta in 1860.
• HSBC established itself in Bengal in 1869
• Calcutta was the most active trading port in India, mainly due to the trade of the British Empire, and so became a banking center.
• The Oldest Joint Stock bank of India was Bank of Upper India established in 1863 but this bank was become defunct in 1913.
• In 1881, Oudh Commercial Bank was established at Faizabad it was the first Bank of India with Limited Liability to be managed by Indian Board. After Independence, In 1958 this bank failed.
• In 1895 Punjab National Bank was established in Lahore in Punjab province of Undivided India. It was the first bank purely managed by Indian. PNB has not only survive but also become the second largest public sector bank in India.
• The first Indian commercial bank which was wholly owned and managed by Indians was Central Bank of India which was established in 1911.
• Central bank of India was also called India’s First Truly Swadeshi bank.
• The Swadeshi movement inspired local businessmen and political figures to found banks of and for the Indian community. The period between 1906 and 1911 thousands of Banks were established in India. Many of those banks established then have survived to the present such as Bank of India, Corporation Bank, Indian Bank, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank and Central Bank of India.
• At least 94 banks in India failed between 1913 and 1918 due to economic crisis during World War I.
• In 27th January, 1921 Bank of Calcutta, Bank of Madras and Bank of Bombay were amalgamated to form Imperial Bank of India.
• In 1926 Hilton-Young Commission submitted it’s report.
• In 1934 Reserve Bank of India act was passed.
• On the recommendation of Hilton-Young Commission, On 1st April 1935 Reserve Bank of India was established.
• RBI was established with initial share capital worth Rs. 5 crore with 5 Lakh Rs. 100 share dividend

Banking General Awareness

1. Indian Banking Industry-Banking History

        1.1     Before-Independence Banking History of India
        1-2.    After-Independence Banking History of India
                      1.2.1    Banking Nationalization in India
                      1.2.2    Banking Liberalization in India

        1.3     Types Of Banks  
                      1.3.1   Central Bank ( RBI )
                      1.3.2   Commercial Banks
                                        1.3.1.1  Public Sector Banks
                                        1.3.1.1  Private Sector Banks
                                        1.3.1.1  Foreign Banks
                      1.3.3   Development Banks (IFCI , SFCs)
                      1.3.4   Co-Operative Banks
                      1.3.5   Specialized Banks (EXIM , SIDBI , NABARD)


2. Reserve Bank of India And Monetary Policy
        2.1     Important Points of RBI
        2.2    Central Board of RBI
        2.3    Governors and Deputy Governors of RBI
        2.4     List of Female Deputy Governors of RBI
                        2.4.1   Rates of RBI
                        2.4.2   Bank Rate
                        2.4.3   Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)
                        2.4.5   SLR
                        2.4.6   Repo Rate And Reverse Repo Rate

IBPS Specialist Officers Exam Paper Held On 11.03.2012

                                               Test III (General Awareness)
101. Who among the following is one of the recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize – 2011?
(a) Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
(b) Jules A. Hoffmann

IBPS Specialist Officer Quantitative Aptitude Model Question Paper -1

1. 434 x 645=?
(A) 27840
(B) 297930
(C) 279903
(D) 279930

Computer Knowledge Practice Paper-5_Unsolved_Test_Yourself

1. Which of the following is a part of the Central Processing Unit?
a. Printer
b. Key board
c. Mouse

Computer Knowledge Practice Paper-4

1. Data will remain intact even when the computer is turned off, if it is stored on __________.
1. RAM
2. motherboard

Computer Knowledge Practice Paper-3

1. The instructions that tell a computer how to carry out the processing tasks are referred to as
computer .........
1) programs
2) processors

Computer Knowledge Networking Notes Topic Wise

1-What is the difference between TFTP and FTP application layer protocols? 
The differences between FTP and TFTP:FTP is connection oriented, where as TFTP is not.
TFTP uses error checking and flow control, where as TFTP does not cause error checking.FTP uses TCP as transport protocol, where as TFTP uses UDP as transport protocol.

Detailed Syllabus for the IBPS CWE I.T. Specialist Officers Professional Knowledge Paper

Though there is no specific syllabus mentioned but the syllabus mentioned below is a part of CAIIB conducted by IIBF and it covers most of the topics in Information Technology. Hence it should be very useful while preparing for the IBPS CWE for IT Officers. The Basic Syllabus of IBPS CWE for IT Officers will be:

Practice Paper Computer Knowledge-Networking

Practice Paper Computer Knowledge-Networking Question Set-1
Question 1: Which one of the following operation is commutative but not associative?
1. OR
2. NAND

Previous questions with answers of the Professional Knowledge paper of I.T. Officers Specialist Officers of Banks

Previous questions with answers of the Professional Knowledge paper of I.T. Officers/Specialist Officers of Banks.   

1. The _____ states that a foreign key must either match a primary key value in another relation or it must be null.